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When you're doing research in preparation to write a paper, you may observe valuable sources that don't list an individual author. Nonetheless, you still need to cite these sources so your readers know that y'all didn't come up with the data y'all paraphrased from the source on your own. Generally, if you're using American Psychological Association (APA) citation style, you'll start your Reference Listing entry with the championship of the piece of work rather than the name of the author, then use a shortened version of the title for your parenthetical in-text commendation.[1]

  1. 1

    Double-bank check that the source doesn't take an institutional writer. If you establish the source material online, you lot may be able to use the institution that published the material equally the author. This is specially true with material from educational institutions or nonprofit organizations, merely it may also be true of corporate authors.[2]

    • For example, if you're looking at a study published on the American Heart Clan website that doesn't list an private author, yous would typically use the American Center Association as the writer.
    • If you have a print source that doesn't listing a specific person as the author, look at the copyright information. If a corporation, nonprofit organization, or educational institution claims the copyright in the work, use that proper name as the author.

  2. 2

    Start your reference list entry with the title of the piece of work. Type the title of the work in judgement-case, capitalizing merely the first word and any proper nouns. If the work is a standalone document, such as an independent report or a volume, put the title in italics. Use regular font if the work is a smaller part of a larger work, such equally a affiliate or an article.[three]

    • Example: The dark lord rises.

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  3. 3

    Add together the date the work was published in parentheses. For most sources with no writer, the twelvemonth is all you lot need. However, if there is a more specific date listed, include every bit much information as possible. If you have a full date, type the year first, followed by a comma, then the month and day. Spell all months out in full. Place a period outside the closing parentheses.[four]

    • Instance: The dark lord rises. (2019, Apr 22).

  4. four

    Provide the URL if the work was found online. After the date, type the words "Retrieved from" followed by the full, direct URL for the work. Do not place a menstruation at the end of the URL or add together an admission date.[5]

    • Example: The night lord rises. (2019, April 22). Retrieved from http://world wide web.thedailyprophet.org/dark-lord

    APA Reference List Format – Online Source with No Writer

    Title of work in sentence instance. (Year, Month Mean solar day). Retrieved from URL

  5. 5

    Include publication information if y'all're using a print source. If you accessed a impress re-create of the source, provide the location of the publisher followed past a colon, then provide the name of the publisher. If the publisher is in the US, utilise the metropolis and state for the location with a 2-letter abbreviation for the state. If the publisher is outside the U.s., utilise the city and the country as the location. Place a period after the publisher'south proper name.[6]

    • Example: The rise of the night lord. (2019). Paris, France: Beauxbatons Press.

    APA Reference List Format – Impress Source with No Author

    Title of work in sentence case. (Year). Urban center, State/Country: Publisher.

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  1. one

    Provide the first few words of the title in double quotation marks. At the end of whatsoever sentence in which you paraphrase or quote from the source, place a parenthetical citation that directs your reader to the full Reference List entry. Since the first part of that entry is the title, use the first few words of the title. Use title-instance, capitalizing the first word and all nouns, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, and verbs. Place a comma after the championship, within the closing double quotation marks.[7]

    • Instance: ("The Dark Lord,"

  2. 2

    Add the date the work was published. Later the first few words of the championship, include the year the work was published. If you included the calendar month and day of publication in your Reference List entry, in that location is no demand to include it in your in-text citation. Place your closing punctuation after the closing parenthesis.[8]

    • Instance: ("The Dark Lord," 2019).

    Tip: If you quote directly from the source, blazon a comma afterwards the date and then add the page number or page range where the quote can exist institute. Use "p." to bespeak a single page or "pp." to indicate multiple pages.

  3. 3

    Integrate the citation information into the text of your paper. You lot can avoid the need to use a parenthetical commendation at all if you put the citation information straight into the text of your paper. Often, this tin make your newspaper more readable, specially if you take multiple citations in a row.[9]

    • For instance, you might write: In 2019, an article titled "The Rise of the Dark Lord" shed new light on the politics backside Voldemort'south power grab.
    • If you merely included the championship of the source in your paper, yous would put a parenthetical immediately afterward the title with the yr of publication. For example, y'all might write: Although there is no attributed author, "The Rise of the Dark Lord" (2019) is considered the most thorough documentation of Voldemort's attempted rise to power.
    • If you quoted from the source straight, the parenthetical with the folio number goes at the terminate of the quote. For case, you might write: According to "The Rise of the Night Lord" (2019), Voldemort sought not only political command but also command over "the very hearts and minds of every witch and wizard immature and erstwhile" (p. 92).

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  • Rarely, "Anonymous" volition exist cited equally the author of a source you want to cite. In that example, use the word "Bearding" as the writer's name in both your Reference Listing entry and your in-text citation.[10]

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  • Sources without authors may be considered less trustworthy than those that do. If you can find the aforementioned information in a source that does have an author, your work volition take more credibility. Exist particularly disquisitional of online sources that do not have an author listed, unless you find them own a folio you know to be reliable.

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